Pattachitra, a traditional painting style from Odisha, India, has its roots deeply embedded in the state's rich cultural and religious history. This ancient art form, characterized by its vibrant colors and intricate details, has been an integral part of Odishan heritage for centuries.
The exact origin of Pattachitra is difficult to pinpoint, but scholars believe it dates back to at least the 12th century CE. The word "Pattachitra" is derived from Sanskrit, where "Patta" means cloth and "Chitra" means picture, aptly describing the art form's canvas.
Pattachitra's origins are closely tied to the Jagannath cult in Puri. According to tradition, during the annual Rath Yatra festival, when the main deities are taken out of the temple for 15 days, Pattachitra paintings of the gods are displayed in the temple as substitutes.
The art form draws heavily from Hindu mythology, particularly the epics Ramayana and Mahabharata. Scenes from these epics, along with depictions of Lord Jagannath and other deities, form the primary subjects of Pattachitra paintings.
Raghurajpur, a heritage crafts village in Puri district, is renowned as the epicenter of Pattachitra art. This small village, home to over 150 artist families, has played a crucial role in preserving and promoting this traditional art form. The village gained national recognition in 2000 when it was chosen as the first heritage village in India by the Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage. Today, visitors to Raghurajpur can witness artists creating Pattachitra paintings using traditional techniques passed down through generations.
Several temples in Odisha showcase Pattachitra art, further emphasizing its religious significance. The Jagannath Temple in Puri is particularly notable, with its association with the origin of Pattachitra. The Konark Sun Temple and Lingaraj Temple in Bhubaneswar also feature elements of Pattachitra in their architectural designs.
While Pattachitra has gained recognition nationally and internationally, concerns about its future persist. The art form faces challenges from modernization and changing consumer preferences. However, it would be inaccurate to say it's on the verge of extinction.
Efforts by the government, NGOs, and art enthusiasts have helped in reviving interest in Pattachitra. The Handicrafts Department of Odisha has implemented various schemes to support artisans and promote the art form.
In recent years, Pattachitra has gained significant recognition in the art world. While specific records of Pattachitra paintings sold for millions are scarce, the art form has seen increasing value in auctions and exhibitions. For instance, in 2016, a Pattachitra painting by artist Bhaskar Mahapatra was auctioned for Rs. 3.2 lakhs (approximately $4,300) at a Sotheby's auction in New York. While not in the millions, this demonstrates the growing appreciation and value of Pattachitra in the international art market.
Pattachitra art, with its rich history and cultural significance, continues to be an important part of Odisha's heritage. While facing challenges, the art form has shown resilience and adaptability. With continued support and recognition, Pattachitra has the potential to thrive in the modern art world while maintaining its traditional roots.
References:
[1] Pathy, D. (1990). Traditional Paintings of Orissa. Bhubaneswar: Working Artists Association of Orissa.
[2] Mohapatra, J. (2011). Pattachitra - Iconic Patta Paintings of Orissa. New Delhi: Wisdom Tree.
[3] Das, J. P. (2013). Puri Paintings: The Chitrakara and His Work. New Delhi: Niyogi Books.
[4] INTACH Orissa State Chapter. (2005). Heritage Village Raghurajpur. Bhubaneswar: INTACH.
[5] Starza, O. M. (1993). The Jagannatha Temple at Puri: Its Architecture, Art and Cult. Leiden: Brill.
[6] Government of Odisha, Handicrafts Department. (2020). Annual Report 2019-2020.
[7] Sotheby's. (2016). Modern and Contemporary South Asian Art, New York, 14 March 2016.
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