India is a diverse and multicultural country with rich architectural heritage and houses some of the most exemplary monuments and temples across the world. Among them, the Karni Mata Temple in Deshnoke, Rajasthan, is one of the most enigmatic and unusual shrines. Popularly known as the Temple of Rats, this sacred site is home to over 25,000 black rats, which are not only welcomed but also worshipped as divine beings.
Unlike other temples where animals are considered to be a part of the surroundings, the rats of Karni Mata Temple are believed to be reincarnations of Karni Mata’s devotees, and their presence is treated as a blessing. This makes the temple one of the most astonishing and fascinating spiritual destinations in India, drawing thousands of devotees and curious travelers every year.
Karni Mata Temple's past lies in a strong legend. Karni Mata is a legendary Hindu saint and is said to be an incarnation of Goddess Durga. She was born in the 14th century and spent her life working among the poor, performing miracles, and advising kings during times of distress. Her spiritual abilities were so great that she was revered as a living goddess during her lifetime.
According to local folklore, Karni Mata once tried to bring back a deceased boy, who was the son of a grieving storyteller. She prayed to Yama, the god of death, requesting him to revive the child. But, Yama declined to take back the soul of the boy. In turn, Karni Mata announced that none of her followers or family members would ever die and would rather be reincarnated as rats before being reincarnated as human beings.
Ever since, the temple has been a refuge for these holy rats, which are thought to be reincarnated souls of devotees of Karni Mata. This holy connection is why they are kept safe, fed, and worshipped with a lot of respect.
The sheer number of rats present in the temple premises are known as kabbas and their presence in such a large number is one of the most striking aspects about this Karni Mata Temple. Unlike wild rodents that usually scurry away from humans, these rats move freely, eat from devotees’ hands, and sometimes even run over their feet.
Visitors are expected to walk barefoot inside the temple, and stepping on a rat is considered a serious offense. If someone accidentally kills a rat, the only way to atone for it is by offering a rat made of solid gold or silver to the temple. This practice ensures that the population of sacred rats remains protected.
Among the thousands of black rats, there are a few white rats, who are thought to be extremely sacred and auspicious. They are thought to be incarnations of Karni Mata herself and her immediate family members.
Seeing a white rat is regarded as a sign of divine blessings, and worshippers feel blessed if they receive a chance to feed or even catch a glimpse of one while making a visit.
One of the most fascinating rituals in the temple is the feeding of the rats. Devotees bring milk, grains, and sweets, which are offered in large communal bowls placed throughout the temple. The rats feast freely, and consuming food that has been nibbled on by them is considered highly sacred. Some devotees even drink the same milk that the rats have sipped, believing it to be prasad (holy offering) that grants good fortune and blessings.
The Karni Mata Temple is not only special for its rats; it is also an architectural wonder. Constructed in the Mughal style, the temple boasts intricately carved marble panels, a large silver entrance gate, and stunning domes. The inner sanctum where Karni Mata's idol is installed is encircled by thousands of rats running on the floor and climbing the temple walls.
The temple is dated back to the 15th century and was later revamped by Maharaja Ganga Singh of Bikaner in the early 20th century. The silver doors and ornate marble work were gifted by the Maharaja, enhancing the splendor of the temple.
While Karni Mata Temple is rooted deep in religious faith, it has also fascinated scientists and historians. It has surprised many scientists and historians who have tried to determine how thousands of rats can co-exist with human beings in such close proximity without getting diseases.
Some researchers are of the opinion that:
- The special diet and genetic immunity of these rats protect them against disease.
- The constantly cleaned temple and regular offerings of new food ensure the environment is healthy.
- The sacred value accorded to the rats ensures that they are well looked after and never hurt.
This temple actively demonstrates the spiritual connection with animals and other beings. As cows, elephants, and snakes are considered sacred in Hinduism, the rats in Karni Mata Temple represent divine reincarnation and faith.
Karni Mata Temple is more than a place of prayer—it is a witness to India's great spiritual past. Though the idea of living among thousands of ratsbmight be repellent to others, the temple's believers see them as divine, something that has been proven by the centuries.
The temple is a representation of tradition, religion, and cultural uniqueness, and hence one of the most fascinating religious places on the planet. Whether you visit there for prayer or exploration, a journey to Karni Mata Temple will give you a feeling of wonder and curiosity.
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